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- Brown interior
Living room of Lochkelden (also known as the Denny Mansion), Windermere, Seattle, Washington, U.S. This was the home of Seattle banker Rolland Denny.
- Brown and food
Brown is the colour of the strongest aroma. Roast meat is brown, baked dough and coffee, beer and chocolate are brown. It is the colour of the prepared and refined food. Brown is a colour that is rich in content. When light brown foods such as white bread and macaroni have a darker colour, they appear richer in calories. When you pay attention to calories, dark cake is more dangerous than light cake. Eggs with a brown shell appear to have a fuller taste than white ones. (Heller, 1989)
- Protective and cozy interior
As a colour for interior, brown appears positive. It is the colour of rustic materials such as wood, leather and unbleached wool. Although spaces with brown furniture and carpets appear smaller, they also provide a sense of security. Brown rooms are experienced as cozy because brown provides the ideal climate indoors. It is the colour that belongs to the heat without being hot. (Heller, 1989)
- ‘Protection’ and colour in Germany
Protection: brown 24%, red 18%, pink 15%, … (Heller, 1989)
- ‘laziness’ and colour in Germany
Laziness: brown 42%, grey 22%, black 10%, … (Heller, 1989).
- ‘Gourmandise, excess’ and colour in Germany
Gormandize/excess: Brown 22%, orange 14%, purple 13%, …
Heller (1989).
- ‘Rest’ and colour in Germany
Rest: green 30%, blue 21%, white 15%, brown 10%.
Heller (1989) - ‘Fashionable’ and colour in Germany
Fashionable: purple 20%, orange 17%, pink 14%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Extrovert’ and colour in Germany
Extrovert: yellow 24%, gold 24%, orange 19%, red 14%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Evil’ and colour in Germany
Evil: black 62%, brown 12%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Energy’ and colour in Germany
Energy: red 38%, orange 18%, yellow 16%, gold 7%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Dynamics’ and colour in Germany
Dynamics: red 25%, blue 20%, orange 13%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Dismissive’ and colour in Germany
Dismissive: black 20%, grey 18%, brown 15%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Desire’ and colour in Germany
Desire: red 34%, orange 13%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Cosiness’ and colour in Germany
Cosiness: orange 22%, yellow 17%, red 13%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Conversational’ and colour in Germany
Conversational: brown 39%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Conservative’ and colour in Germany
Conservative: black 40%, brown 28%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Close proximity’ and colour in Germany
Close proximity: red 29%, orange 15%, pink 12%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Cheap’ and colour in Germany
Cheap: orange 19%, brown 15%, grey 15%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Braggery’ and colour in Germany
Braggery: gold 31%, orange 18%, yellow 10%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Autumn’ and colour in Germany
Autumn: brown 55%, gold 16%, orange 10%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Arousal, excitement’ and colour in Germany
Arousal, excitement: red 33%, orange 20%, yellow 13%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Aromatic’ and colour in Germany
Aromatic: brown 27%, orange 20%, green 16%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Age’ and colour in Germany
Age: grey 32%, black 22%, brown 20%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Adapted’ and colour in Germany
Adapted: grey 33%, brown 25%, white 7%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Activity’ and colour in Germany
Activity: red 28%, orange 18%, yellow 15%, …
Heller (1989) - ‘Masculinity’ and colour in Germany
Masculinity: blue 35%, black 20%, brown 13%, …
In modern symbolism, blue is the colour of masculinity. The old colour of masculinity is red. The cold, passion-free virtues are part of the male appearance of blue. (Heller, 1989) - ‘Reliability’ and colour in Germany
Reliability: blue 27%, green 13%, brown 10%, … (Heller, 1989)
- Extrovert people colour preference
Extrovert people seem to have a preference for red, orange and yellow.
Heller E. (1989) - Warm and cold colours, cultural differences
Culturally, small variations in the choice of warm and cold colours have been identified. In the Thai survey (Sato, Xin & Hansuebsai, 2003), the cold shades are slightly cooler than the Japanese ones. The Thai warmest colour is a warm orange (red-orange) and the coldest colour a bluish green. The border colours between warm and cold, eg. the transitional nuances between yellow and green gave rise to unclear results.