The terms inward/outward are better suited to indicate the cold/warm colour quality when addressing the depth dimension parameter.

• Inner colours are blue, black, green and purple
• Outer colours are orange, red, white and yellow

In the breadth dimension the terms cool/hot represent a different aspect of colour temperature and is limited to green (coolest colour) and red (hottest colour).

Research into the orientation of Impressionist or Expressionist paintings shows that expressionism, with mainly portraits and still lives as the subject, has a majority of vertical paintings. While impressionism, with landscapes or outer views as an important subject, counts the most horizontal paintings. Verticality has deeper subjects than horizontal. “They sought around with the eye and not in the mysterious depths of the mind.” Gauguin, about the superficial representation of reality among the Impressionists.
(Alpaerts, 1980)

De bi-polaire termen introversie en extraversie werd ingevoerd door Carl Jung die ze gebruikt als kern van zijn persoonlijkheidsprofielen. Hans Jürgen Eysenck (1998) gebruikte deze antagonisten als meest belangrijke merker in zijn persoonlijkheidstheorie.
·- Met een extraverte ingesteldheid is de energie naar buiten gericht, op mensen, activiteiten en dingen.
– Met een introverte ingesteldheid is de energie naar het innerlijke zelf gericht, op eigen ideeën en gevoelens.

Self-Directedness quantifies the extent to which an individual is responsible, reliable, resourceful, goal-oriented, and self-confident and corresponds with the introversion-extraversion trait.

High Self-directedness: internal locus of control (introvert), take responsibility for their actions and are resourceful in solving problems. Responsibility, Purposefulness, Resourcefulness, Self-Acceptance, Congruent Second Nature.

The most advantageous summary feature of self-directed individuals is that they are realistic and effective, i.e., they are able to adapt their behavior in accord with individually chosen, voluntary goals based on a realistic assessment of facts.

Low Self-directednes: external locus of control (extravert), be apathetic and to blame others or bad luck for their problems. Blaming, Lack Of Goal Direction, Inertia, Self-Striving, Incongruent Habits.
(Cloninger, 1994)